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OBJECTIVE: Polar vessels are related with pyelo-ureteral stenosis (PUE) in 5-10% of the patients. In the 24% of these cases an intrinsic cause of stenosis can also be found. An increased incidence of polar vessels is found in laparoscopic surgery, compare to open procedures. Our study analyses this difference in our hospital, studying its influence in the aetiology of the disease.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive and retrospective study of patients operated in our hospital of pyeloplasty, because of PUE between 2009 and 2017. Patients have been divided in two groups: operated by laparoscopy (PL), or operated by conventional surgery (PA). All cases in which polar vessels were seen in TC where excluded. Each group included 47 patients.RESULTS: We found no statistical differences in the age of surgery of the two groups (36,1±41,3 months PL/31,8±37,2 months PA; p=0.527). Overall, 18 polar vessels were found, 15 in PL and 3 in PA. 6 patients of the PA group presented recurrence of the obstruction, and in 2 of them, polar vessels were found in the second surgery. All the 18th cases presented anomalies in the histological study related with inflammation or fibrosis.CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic approach allows a better vision of crossing vessels in the cases of extrinsic PUE. Dismembered pyeloplasty might be the best treatment, as an intrinsic cause of obstruction cannot be ruled out according to the observed histological alterations.
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INTRODUCTION: Urosepsis is an underdiagnosed entity with high morbidity and mortality and significant associated costs. The delay in diagnosis leads to an increased risk of multiorgan failure and death. Although its prognosis is better than that of other sepsis, the mortality rate is 20 - 40%.OBJECTIVE: Describe the obstructive uropathy cases (OU) that are complicated by severe sepsis (SS) and identify early biomarkers of SS.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational and prospective study of 65 patients with urgent high OU. All patients were evaluated at three different times (0, 24 and 48 hours). An SS predictor model has been constructed and a multivariate risk analysis has been carried out.RESULTS: 64.61% (n=42) developed SS (NSS: n=13). The only statistically significant variables in the 3 moments evaluated and that obtained a good area under the curve [AUROC (>0.70)] were the elevation of neutrophils, procalcitonin, and decrease of bicarbonate. At the time of patient admission, the variable that best predicted SS was the elevation of procalcitonin (AUROC: 0.919). SS risk factors (p<0.05) were the history of cancer, immunosuppression, and/or urinary tract surgeries, complete UO and high blood values of lactate, potassium and decrease of bicarbonate. The potassium-lactate combination on admission predicted SS with a probability function of 0.805.CONCLUSIONS: There is an analytical profile maintained over the time characteristic of SS that allows an early identification of patients with OU subsidiary of been complicated with SS.
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INTRODUCTION: The improvements in laparoscopic urological surgery have made laparoscopic adenomectomy (LA) possible in voluminous prostatic adenomas. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the results of the LA and compared them with results of the open adenomectomy (OA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comparative study of 41 patients undergoing LA [23 LA with Millin technique (LA-MT) and 21 with transvesical technique (LA-TV)] was conducted with 44 patients undergoing OL in prostate adenomas > 100 grams. Data were recorded prospectively, at three different institutions. Preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative and complications results were evaluated.RESULTS: Prostate volume was 165 (100-345) gr for LA versus 170 (100-328) gr for OA (p=0.669). Preoperative IPSS was 3 (0-3) and Q max. 7 (0-15) for LA against 2 (0-3) and 7 (0-15.3) for OA (p=0.296; p=0.316). There was no difference in surgical time (p=0.069) between both techniques. LA had less operative bleeding, 100 (10-1000) ml than OA, 500 (100-1000) ml (p=0.0001) and a shorter hospital stay, 3 (1-8) days against 3.5 (3-10) days (p=0.0001), postoperative IPSS was 1 (1-2) and Q max. 25 (17-45) for LA against 1 (1-3) and 25.5 (12-44) for OA (p=0889; p=836). There were no differences neither in transfusions requirements’ nor complications.CONCLUSION: LA presented similar short-term functional results with less operative bleeding and shorter hospitalization time than OA with similar prostate volumes resected.
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OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical condition, the type of therapeutic approach and outcome of patients with severe renal trauma (AAST: 4 and 5) treated in a tertiary hospital. Cali, Colombia. METHODS: A descriptive observational study was conducted with patients older than 15 years treated between January 1, 2015 and January 1, 2019, with a diagnosis of renal trauma and renal vessel trauma. Demographic, clinical and trauma severity variables were collected. A univariate analysis was carried out with frequency tables, measures of central tendency, depending on type of intervention, associated lesions, use of blood products and severity indices.RESULTS: 71 medical records were analyzed, 82% male, the average age was 25 years (range: 15-55). Regarding renal traumatic grade, 69% of the patients were grade IV and 31% grade V. Penetrating injuries were seen in 87% versus 13% of injuries due to blunt (non-penetrating) mechanism. 54% of the patients were scored with a trauma severity index >= 25 and 51% of the patients had an abdominal trauma index <= 24. Surgical management was managed in 67% vs. 32% for non-trauma management. surgical. The hospital stay was 17 days on average and 16.9% had complications.CONCLUSIONS: Severe renal trauma is a frequent clinical condition in male patients between the second and third decade of life, in our environment the majority corresponds to penetrating traumas. Most cases were managed with some surgical procedure, however, with a significant percentage of conservative management with complication rates of less than 30%, which changes the paradigm of treatment of high-grade renal trauma.
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OBJECTIVES: To describe in more detail the usual clinical practice regarding physical examination (PE) in Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS) and to evaluate if the performance of PE relates to changes in severity of symptoms and in Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL).MATERIAL AND METHODS: Epidemiological, observational, national and multicentric study that included 319 patients with BPS (79 of new diagnosis and 240 in follow-up). Demographic and clinical data were collected. The diagnostic study was performed according to the usual clinical practice, including as the case: PE and biopsy. The patients completed the “Bladder Pain/Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Score” (BPIC-SS) and “EuroQoL-5D-5L” (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaires. To describe the continuous variables, the mean, standard deviation (SD) and quartiles analyzed were used, and for categorical variables, number and percentage of patients by response category. The questionnaires’ results were described according to the visual analog scale (VAS). Health status was evaluated in patients with myofascial pain. RESULTS: PE was performed in 296 cases. 28.4% of the patients presented pelvic myofascial pain. The variation of the BPIC-SS score in the explored patients was 7.77 points, compared to 1.73 in the unexplored ones. The variations in EQ-5D-5L were 0.13 and 0.04 points, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Myofascial involvement was observed in 28.4% of the 296 cases of BPS who received a PE. It is important to implement a systematic, comprehensive method of PE at the national level in order to achieve a more precise characterization of BPS and a better evolution of the patient’s symptoms and HRQoL.
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INTRODUCTION: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in stage T1a has partial nephrectomy (PN) as a surgical indication. The RENAL Score (RS) is useful for the prediction of post-surgical complications (PC) and recurrence.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patients who have undergone a PN and to identify if there is an association between the RS and the achievement of the MIC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective and observational cohort that includes laparoscopic PN from March 2017 to July 2018. The RS was calculated in the pre-surgical CT scan iv contrast.RESULTS: 33 patients were included, 69.7% were classified as low complexity RS (LRS), 27.3% medium complexity RS (MRS) and 3% high complexity RS. The mean surgical time was 146.82 min (SD 34.93), the mean warm ischemia time was 16.21 min (SD 10.29) and the estimated blood loss was 280.61 ml (SD 217.6). We found a difference in the surgical time between the means of LRS and MRS (p=0.0150), but not in the time of warm ischemia and estimated blood loss (p=0.1896 and p=0.0618). The MIC was reached in 66.6% of the sample. The mean follow-up was 10.32 months (range 18-2 months), with no tumor relapse or metastasis. CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic NP in our center has a MIC scope similar to international series, without having a direct association with the RS.
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OBJECTIVES: Urological patients usual-ly come up with risk factors for developing infections. Some of these are caused by multidrug-resistant microor-ganisms like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whose notable resistance rates to antibiotics and aggressiveness make its treatment a challenge in clinical practice. Our objec-tive was to analyze Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections incidence, risk factors and features in patients admitted to a Urology Ward in a tertiary care university hospital in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out a prospec-tive observational study from 2012 to 2017, to review all infections in our Ward with a special focus on those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, performing a descriptive analysis and a comparison with other causative agents.RESULTS: 78 Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation were registered during this period. Having a catheter of the upper urinary tract (CUUT) or comorbid-ities and undergoing surgery, were frequently observed among these patients although the results did not reach statistically significant differences for more frequent isola-tion compared to other pathogens. Antibiotic resistance rates were high for cephalosporins (33.3%) and quino-lones (50%), while carbapenems (24.4%), aztreonam (10.3%) and amikacin (23.1%) exhibited the best activ-ity. No deaths related to the infection were registered.CONCLUSIONS: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is com-monly isolated in patients carrying a CUUT. An early suspicion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and knowledge of local antibiotic resistance pattern are of paramount importance for improving the outcomes and handling this worldwide problem.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare efficiency, safety and full cost of lower retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) types for the treatment of lower calyceal stones between 1 and 2 cm in size.METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized study. In all, 175 patients were randomly divided into five groups of 35 patients each: Group A was managed by RIRS, Group B by micro PNL, Group C by ultra-mini PNL, Group D by mini PNL, and Group E by standard PNL. Operating and fluoroscopy time, length of hospital stay, stone-free rates (SFR), complications, secondary ureter-olithotripsy and cost were compared between groups. RESULTS: A total of 168 patients were included in the final analysis. The SFR was 76%, 77%, 90.1%, 94.1% and 94%; median length of hospital stay 1, 1.5, 2, 2, and 3 days was for RIRS, micro, ultra-mini, mini, and standard PNL, respectively (p<0.001). The mean total costs of the procedures per case were $1,250, $962, $695, $632, and $619, and the mean return to daily activities time was 3.9, 4.5, 6.5, 9.3, and 13.5 days for RIRS, micro, ultra-mini, mini,and standard PNL, re-spectively (p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: SFR of treatment of lower calyceal stone was higher in ultra-mini, mini and standard PNL than micro PNL and RIRS. Moreover, patients should be informed about the results of all different procedures; with increasing of the invasiveness of treatment, cost of the procedure decrease; but the hospital stay and return to daily activity interval increase.
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OBJECTIVE: Despite the high frequency of complications after a radical cystoprostatectomy, the presence of a fistula that communicates the external iliac artery and the ureteroileostomy has not been described in the medical literature. We present the diagnosis and medical management of a massive hemorrhage through the Bricker´s ostomy due to an external iliac artery´s mycotic aneurysm fistulized to the ureteroileostomy.METHOD: A 78 years old patient underwent laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy with Bricker-type urinary diversion due to muscle-invasive bladder cancer. During the immediate postoperative period he presented different complications including sepsis caused by a pelvic collection.Due to a massive hemorrhage through Bricker´s ostomy he went to the emergency department where was diagnosed by CT of active bleeding from right external iliac artery to the interior of the ureteroileostomy. We decided to perform exploratory laparotomy showing an aneurysm with fistulous orifice communicating the medial external iliac artery to Bricker ureteroileostomy. A femoro-femoral bypass, ligation of two centimeters of the external iliac artery, closure of the Bricker´s orifice and right cutaneous ureterostomy was needed.RESULTS: After the surgery, the patient required renal replacement therapy and vasoactive drugs. Discharge from the hospital was 11 days after the intervention.CONCLUSIONS: The presence of an uncontrolled arterial fistula implies urgent care in a pathology such as the mycotic aneurysm that already constitutes a challenge. Fast diagnosis and surgical skills are essential to increase patient’s survival chances.
