Thank you for your interest in the Archivos Españoles de Urología (AEU, IF 0.5, Print ISSN: 0004-0614, Electronic ISSN: 1576-8260). Please refer to the following guidelines to help you prepare your manuscript. Feel free to contact the editorial office by email (ArchEspUrol@aeurologia.com), if you have any questions. To ensure a effective peer review and publication process, manuscripts that do not adhere to the following instructions will be returned to the corresponding author for revision at preliminary review.

1. About the Journal

AEU was founded in 1944, and indexed on PubMed/MEDLINE in 1978 and the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) in 2012. AEU is an international peer review journal with open access (since 1 May 2022), on Urology with original and review articles on different subjects in Urology: oncology, endourology, laparoscopic, andrology, lithiasis, pediatrics, urodynamics, ... Case Report are also admitted.

2. Manuscript Categories

Manuscripts submitted to Archivos Españoles de Urología must be the original work of the author(s) and must not be published previously or under consideration for publication elsewhere.

2.1 Article

Word limit: no longer than 3000 words (not including the reference list, tables, figures, or legends).

Abstract: Structured (usually into four paragraphs with the following subheadings: Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions, unless specified otherwise in the reporting checklists), 200–350 words max. No abbreviations and citations.

Keywords: 3–5.

References: 20-40.

Figures/Tables: No limit, but 10 figures are deemed sufficient.

Description: Original research manuscripts should take the following format: Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion and/or Conclusions. Original articles must have originality and clinical impact. The quality and impact of the study will be considered during peer-review.

Original research manuscripts should include a section describing the contribution made by each author to the manuscript. See the "Author Contributions" sections for details.

When a manuscript documents any experiment(s) involving human subjects or animals, the authors must indicate an ethical statement both in the methods section and the footnote. See the "Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate" section for details.

Articles should follow but not limited to the following guidelines:

• Randomised trials: CONSORT
• Observational studies: STROBE
• Qualitative research: SRQR
• Diagnostic/prognostic studies: STARD
• Animal pre-clinical studies: ARRIVE
• Study protocols: SPIRIT
• Clinical practice guidelines: AGREE

2.2 Review

Word limit: no longer than 4000 words (not including the reference list, tables, figures, or legends).

Abstract: 200–350 words max.

Keywords: 3–5.

References: 60-70.

Figures/tables: No limit.

Review articles should include a section describing the contribution made by each author to the manuscript. See the "Author Contributions" sections for details.

This is a comprehensive overview of a specific hot topic aligned with addressing the aims and hypothesis through the literature. They are often written by leaders in a particular discipline. Reviews are often widely read (for example, by researchers looking for a full introduction to a field) and highly cited.

Systematic Reviews without meta-analysis are published as Reviews; those with meta-analysis are published as Article. Systematic reviews of RCTs should be based on PRISMA. For systematic reviews of observational studies MOOSE is recommended.

2.3 Case Report

Word limit: no longer than 1500 words (not including the reference list, tables, figures, or legends).

Abstract: 200–350 words max.

Keywords: 3–5.

References: 15-20.

Figures/tables: No limit.

Description: Case studies should present observations of diseases, clinical findings, or novel/unique treatment outcomes that are relevant to practitioners in related fields. The text should be arranged as follows: Introduction, Case Presentation, and Discussion. Only cases of exceptional interest and novelty are considered. For manuscripts that fail to qualify, editors may request that the authors shorten the manuscript for resubmission as another type of article.

Note: An ethical statement indicating whether written consent has been obtained from the subject (or their parent/guardian) is required for case report. See the "Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate" section for details.

2.4 Editorial

Word limit: 1000 words max (excluding references, tables, and figures).

Abstract: Not required.

References: 15 max.

Figures and Tables: 1 max (combined).

Description: Editorials are opinion articles from the editor or an invited author. When submitted by an invited contributor, editorials may introduce the subject being brought into focus in a special issue or thematic section. They should be brief and focused. The body of the Editorial can be continuous text or divided into subsections. Editorials on topics of current interest are welcome.

2.5 Letters to the Editor

Word limit: 1000 words max (excluding references).

Abstract: Not required.

References: 10 max.

Figures/tables: 1 max (combined).

Abstract and Keywords: Not applicable

Letters are a written form of dialogue with a journal. They can take a position for or against an issue, simply provide information, or both. They can convince readers with emotion, facts, or a combination of emotion and facts. These comments should provide constructive scientific remarks. Readers may submit these comments in the form of a letter, which should be brief and concise, and which will be forwarded to the authors of the paper under review for a response of their choosing.

2.6 Correction/Erratum

Correction: A Correction notice will be issued when it is necessary to correct an error or omission which can impact the interpretation of the article, but where the scholarly integrity of the article remains intact. The correction must detail the reason(s) for the error(s) and include only the elements (e.g. sections, sentence, figure) of the manuscript being revised or corrected. All authors of the original paper need to agree to the request for changes. The contribution to the field statement should be used to clearly state the reason for the Correction. Depending on the extent of the correction required, corrections may require peer review. Authors are informed that requests for changes beyond that described here may not be accepted for publication.

Erratum: should authors notice differences between their approved galley proofs and the final published article, thus leading to errors that affect the scholarly record or the integrity of the paper, authors are encouraged to submit a request for erratum to the journal editorial office, clearly specifying the error and the correct information.

2.7 Retraction

A Retraction notice will be issued where a major error (e.g., in the analysis or methods) invalidates the conclusions in the article, or where research misconduct or publication misconduct has taken place (e.g., research without required ethical approvals, fabricated data, manipulated images, plagiarism, duplicate publication, etc). Archivos Españoles de Urología follows the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) for retraction. The COPE retraction guidelines can be found on the COPE website. If a Retraction is published, the original publication is amended with a "retracted" watermark, but will still available on the journal’s website for future reference. Issue a separate retraction statement, titled "Retraction: [article title]", that will be linked to the retracted article.

Under the following circumstances, removing an article may be considered:

• It is clearly a defamatory article.
• It infringes others’ legal rights.
• The article is (expected to be) the subject of a court order.
• It contains medical error(s) that, if followed by a researcher or practitioner, could lead to significant physical or mental harm to patients or test subjects.
• In some cases, a quick action on an emergency basis is important in protecting the privacy of an individual or in avoiding medical harm, which is also accepted for article embargoes that are accidentally ignored.

2.8 Others

In general, AEU does not accept articles that fall outside the above-mentioned categories. If you have any questions regarding the article category for submission to AEU, please contact the Editorial Office at: ArchEspUrol@aeurologia.com.

3. Cover Letter

Summarize briefly the important points of the submitted work including a brief description of the study to be submitted, that it is an original study presenting novel work, that it has not been previously submitted to or accepted by any other journal, that is has been approved by all authors, that ethics approval and written informed consent have been obtained, and explain whether any author has a conflict of interest.

4. Manuscript Submission Requirements

The length of manuscripts must adhere to the specifications under the section "2. Manuscript Categories".

Manuscripts should be presented in the following order:(1) Title page (title, authors, institutions and affiliations, and Author contributions); (2) abstract and keywords; (3) the main text; (4) Acknowledgments; (5) References; (6) Figure; (7) Tables (titled and with footnotes); (8) Supplementary material.

Please note that Withdrawal of manuscript is not permitted after the manuscript has been accepted unless sufficient reasons are given.

4.1 Title Page

General information about an article and its authors is presented on a manuscript title page and usually includes the article title, author information, word count, and sometimes the number of tables and figures.

4.1.1 Title

The title of your manuscript should be concise, specific and relevant. It should identify if the study reports (human or animal) trial data, or is a systematic review, meta-analysis or replication study. When gene or protein names are included, the abbreviated name rather than full name should be used.

4.1.2 Author Information

Authors' full first and last names must be provided. The initials of any middle names can be added. The PubMed/MEDLINE standard format is used for affiliations: complete address information including city, zip code, state/province, and country. Affiliations of the authors indicated by numbers (not symbols); equal contribution indicated by †. At least one author should be designated as corresponding author, and his or her email address and other details should be included at the end of the affiliation section. Author names will be published exactly as they appear in the manuscript file. Please double-check the information carefully to make sure it is correct. If applicable, an ORCID should be placed after the name of the author.

Authorship Change: It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to ensure that the list of authors is correct upon first submission. Requests to change authors (for example, adding or removing authors, author names, or contributing changes) must be accompanied by a letter signed by all authors stating that they agree to the changes. New authors must also confirm that they fully meet the journal authorship requirements.

4.1.3 Word Count

A word count for the paper's text, excluding its abstract, acknowledgments, tables, figure legends, and references, allows editors and reviewers to assess whether the information contained in the paper warrants the paper's length, and whether the submitted manuscript fits within the journal's formats and word limits. A separate word count for the abstract is useful for the same reason.

4.1.4 Specification of number of figures and tables

These numbers allow editorial staff and reviewers to confirm that all figures and tables were actually included with the manuscript.

4.2 Abstract and Keywords

4.2.1 Abstract

The Abstract should not exceed 350 words. Abbreviations that appear once only, should be defined in full, unless they correspond to a gene name. If abbreviations appear more than once, the definition should be provided once, and then subsequently used throughout the abstract. Please do not cite references, figures or tables, website, equations or other graphical elements included.

Article requires structured abstracts. The abstract must include the following separate sections:

• Background: The context and purpose of the study.

• Methods: How the study was performed and statistical tests used.

• Results: Succinct presentation of key results; please include sample sizes throughout.

• Conclusions: Brief summary and potential implications.

• Clinical Trial Registration: When applicable, include a fifth heading, "Clinical Trial Registration". Please include the Unique Identifier and the URL of the publicly accessible website on which the trial is registered. If the data have been deposited in a public repository and/or are being used in a secondary analysis, authors should state at the end of the abstract the unique, persistent data set identifier; repository name; and number.

4.2.2 Keywords

Immediately after the abstract, provide 3–10 keywords, using avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of').

4.3 Main Text

Format: Text should be double-spaced throughout. The pages should be numbered.

Font: A clearly readable font (e.g., Arial, Calibri, Times New Roman, or Verdana) with 10 or 12 pt. font size.

Language: English. British or American spelling is acceptable but must be consistent throughout.

• Introduction

State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background to clarify why the study was undertaken and what hypotheses were tested, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results. The information in this section should always be referenced and must discuss the literature.

• Materials and Methods

The materials used and procedures conducted should be described with sufficient detail to allow others to replicate and build on published results. New methods and protocols should be described in detail while well-established methods can be briefly described and appropriately cited. Methods that have been published in detail elsewhere should not be described in detail and avoid unnecessary detailed descriptions of widely used techniques. SI Units should be used throughout the text. Reports of experiments involving patients and healthy volunteers must describe the steps taken to obtain consent and to maintain confidentiality. Experiments involving animals must conform to accepted ethical standards.

Statistical analyses should provide the name of the statistical test used, the number for each analysis, the comparisons of interest, the alpha level and the actual p-value for each test. It should be clear which statistical test was used to generate every p-value. Error bars on graphs should be clearly labeled, and it should be stated whether the number following the ± sign is a standard deviation or a standard error. The word 'significant' should only be used when referring to statistically significant results and should be accompanied by the relevant p-value. Significance indicators should be used on graphs and tables, and should be described in the figure or table legend, clearly indicating which groups are being compared. Describe any statistical software used to perform analyses.

• Results

Include a concise summary of the data presented in all display items (figures and tables). Excessive elaboration of data shown in display items should be avoided. Numerical data should be analyzed using appropriate statistical tests described in the Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis section. Authors must provide detailed information for each statistical test applied. If some references are needed to support the results they can be inserted in the Discussion section.

Reproducibility of Results and Statistical Analysis:

Submission of data for publication is an indication that the authors are confident of data reproducibility. Appropriate statistical analysis should be used to determine that the findings are significant. The term "significant" should be used only if such determination has been made. The probability of the significance should be stated. When reporting a new assay, the following data should be listed:
- Within-assay variability
- Between-assay variability
- Slope of the dose-response curve
- Mid-range of assay
- Sensitivity. Least detectable concentration
- Specificity
- Parallelism of the standard and the unknown on recovery
- Comparison with another method for the detection of the compound

• Discussion

This section should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and an overly discussion of published literature.

• Conclusions

This section is mandatory for all the submission.

4.4 Abbreviations

• Naming of chemicals should follow that outlined in Chemical Abstracts Service.

• Use standard abbreviations where possible. Use the generic name of any drug unless making claims about a specific brand or formulation.

• New abbreviations must be defined at first usage within the manuscript.

4.5 Author Contributions

An 'author' is generally considered to be someone who has made substantive intellectual contributions to a published study. According to the ICMJE guidelines, to qualify as an author one should have (i) made substantial contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; and (ii) been involved in drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and (iii) given final approval of the version to be published. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content; and (iv) agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Acquisition of funding, collection of data or general supervision of the research group alone; does not usually justify authorship.

The individual contributions of authors to the manuscript should be specified, and initials should be used to refer to each author's contribution (e.g.,LL and WYN designed the study; all authors conducted the study; XX and MCQ collected and analyzed the data. YJH and LYH participated in drafting the manuscript, and all authors contributed to critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors gave final approval of the version to be published. All authors participated fully in the work, took public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content, and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or completeness of any part of the work were appropriately investigated and resolved). If any changes to the list of authors of a manuscript are necessary after the initial submission but before publication, the corresponding author must contact the journal staff and provide a clear reason for the change.

If the change to the authorship list is appropriate and in keeping with the guidelines given above, the corresponding author will be asked to provide written confirmation that all other authors listed on the manuscript at that time give their consent. Archivos Españoles de Urología will individually inform anyone who is added or removed from the author list.

4.6 Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

In this section, please add the Institutional Review Board Statement and approval number for studies involving humans or animals. Please note that the Editorial Office might ask you for further information. More details.

4.7 Acknowledgment

All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in the 'Acknowledgment' section. Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help or writing assistance, or a department chair who provided only general support. The involvement of scientific (medical) writers or anyone else who assisted with the preparation of the manuscript content should be acknowledged, along with their source of funding, as described in the European Medical Writers Association (EMWA) guidelines. The role of medical writers should be acknowledged explicitly in the 'Acknowledgment' section as appropriate.

4.8 Funding

List funding sources. As this section contains important information and many funding bodies require inclusion of grant numbers here, please check carefully that manuscript details are accurate and use standard spelling of funding agency names at https://search.crossref.org/funding, as errors may affect your future funding.

4.9 Conflict of Interest

This section is required for all papers. All authors will be encouraged/advised to fill in the ICMJE’s unified disclosure form (www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.docx). Each author should submit a separate form and is responsible for the accuracy and completeness of the submitted information. The corresponding author should use the information in the form completed by each author to create the COI statement for the manuscript. The following examples show the format in which the Conflicts of Interest statement should appear in the manuscript:
"Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare."
"Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form. The present study was supported by Jones Women's University, grant no. 12345. XY University provided a graduate scholarship to Dr Jones. The compound xyz was kindly provided by ABC Company, city, country."

For more about the journal’s policy on conflicts of interest, visit: https://www.aeurologia.com/EN/column/column20.shtml.

4.10 Availability of Data and Materials

Where necessary, we encourage authors to share data to support the publication of studies. Specifically, authors are advised to fill in a data-sharing statement form, which should be submitted along with their manuscript. If the article is accepted for publication, the Availability of Data and Materials will be published (online only) alongside the article. The following examples show the format in which the Availability of Data and Materials statement should appear in the manuscript:
"Availability of Data and Materials: Not applicable."
"Availability of Data and Materials: All data included in this study are available upon request by contact with the corresponding author. Available at XXXX."

4.11 Supplementary Materials

Additional data and files can be uploaded as "Supplementary Files" during the manuscript submission process. The supplementary files will also be available to the referees as part of the peer-review process. Any file format is acceptable, however, we recommend that common, non-proprietary formats are used where possible.

4.12 References

• Reference list is sorted numerically. The reference list should be limited to only those citations essential to the presentation.

• Please verify the accuracy of all references and check that all references have been cited in the text.

• Please list all authors' names if the authors number less than 6. For the authors of more than 6, please list the first six authors' names, than use "et al.".

• Please list the standard journal abbreviation, do not abbreviate the page number.

• Use the [number] for the references in the text.Sample reference citation (Download EndNote style).

(1) Journal:

① Single author

[1] Boyden EA. A critique of the international nomenclature on bronchopulmonary segments. Diseases of the chest. 1953; 23: 266–269.

② More than 6 authors

[2] Lam M, Sanosaka T, Lundin A, Imaizumi K, Etal D, Karlsson FH, et al. Single-cell study of neural stem cells derived from human iPSCs reveals distinct progenitor populations with neurogenic and gliogenic potential. Genes Cells. 2019; 24: 836-847.

(2) Book:

[1] Kolacek S, Mestrovic J. Vascular access, including complications. In Langnas AN, Goulet O, Quigley EMM, Tappenden KA (eds.) Intestinal failure. 1st edn. Blackwell Publishing: Malden, MA; 2008: 142–150.

[2] Lang TA, Secic M. How to report statistics in medicine. American College of Physicians: Philadelphia. 1997.

(3) Patent:

[1] Hu D, Fong K, Pinto M, Wu K, Anderson E, Coxum A, et al., inventors; Spiracur Inc, assignee. Reduced pressure therapy of the sacral region. US patent 8,361,043. 29 January 2013.

(4) If there are non-English journals in the reference, please insert the journal language as the ending:

[1] Wiese L, Kurtzhals J A, Penkowa M. Neuronal apoptosis metallothionein expression. German Neurology. 2006; 200: 216–226. (In German)

(5) Website:

[1] Ricou B, Bandschap O. Propofol and perioperative inflammation. ClinicalTrials.gov. 26 January 2016. Updated 11 August 2016. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01115179 (Accessed: 18 June 2019).

4.13 Tables

• All tables should be inserted into the main text close to their first citation and must be numbered following their order of appearance (Table 1, Table 2, etc.).

• Do not submit tables in any other format such as an image, PDF file, etc.

• Each table must be a real table with columns, rows and cells.

• Do not use tab to create tables.

• Each piece of information should reside in its own cell.

• Tables must be numbered sequentially in the text and in the table title.

• Do not use any numbering style other than 1, 2, etc.

• Each table should have a short title. Any other text should be included at the bottom of the table and not in the table title.

• Please refer to any notation within the table with sequential superscripted numbers and not by any other attribute such as a, #, etc.

• Please cite references in the right column by numbers referenced in the reference section. Do not use the name of author followed by et al.

• If possible, please do not use abbreviations in tables.

• If abbreviations are used, please list them below the table such as IFN: interferon.

4.14 Figures

Figure File Requirements

• File type: .tif, .jpg.

• Image resolution: Figures should be submitted at a high resolution ① Line Art 800 dpi, ② Combo (Line Art + Halftone) 600 dpi, ③ Halftone 300 dpi. We do not accept 72 dpi web-quality graphics (usually jpg or gif format) in which the colors are not realistic, the text is illegible, or where the images are pixelated. It is important to stress that the objective is to obtain the highest quality images available.

• Color space: RGB (not CMYK).

• Alpha channels: None.

• Letters, numbers, and symbols on figures should be clear and consistent throughout, and large enough. Font used within the figure should be between 8 and 10 points for legibility. Label units of measure consistently with the text and legend, following AMA Style for unit abbreviations.

• Solid lines should not be broken up. Any lines in the graphic should be no smaller than 2 points wide.

• Do not include trial logos in figures.

• Figures should be prepared with the PDF layout in mind. Individual figures should not be longer than one page and with a width that corresponds to 1 column (85 mm) or 2 columns (180 mm).

• All figures should be inserted into the main text close to their first citation and must be numbered following their order of appearance (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, etc.). In addition, file for figures can be provided during submission in a separate file.

• Encourage to follow the guideline of WCAG: https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/#comparison-with-wcag-2-0

• Photomicrographs and clinical and diagnostic images requirements:

Photomicrographs should have internal scale markers. Symbols, arrows, or letters used in photomicrographs should contrast with the background. Explain the internal scale and identify the method of staining in photomicrographs.

For radiological and other clinical and diagnostic images, as well as pictures of pathology specimens or photomicrographs, send high-resolution photographic image files. Before-and-after images should be taken with the same intensity, direction, and color of light.

• Original images for blots and gels requirements:

Authors must provide the original, uncropped and unadjusted images supporting all blot and gel results reported in an article's figures and supporting information files.

Please create a zip folder that contains all the original blot and gel images contained in the manuscript's main figures and supplemental figures. Authors should annotate each original image, corresponding to the figure in the main article or supplementary materials, and label each lane or loading order.

All labeling and annotation should be performed without obscuring any data or background bands. All experimental samples and controls used for one comparative analysis should be run on the same blot/gel image. The different images should not be spliced together to illustrate the results.

Figure Label & Panel Label

• Use the figure label with the format: Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, etc.

• Use the panel label with the format: (A), (B–D), (a), (a,b), etc.

• Figure legends begin with the term Fig. in bold type, followed by the figure number, also in bold type.

• Figure parts should be clearly labeled. Letters and labels must be uniform in size and style within each figure and, when possible, between figures.

• Limit white space between figure panels and within each panel.

• Authors are strongly encouraged to limit the number of panels per figure to 6.

Figure Legends

• Provide a short title (in the legend, not on the figure itself) and an explanation in brief but sufficient detail to make the figure intelligible without reference to the text (unless a similar explanation has been given in another figure).

• Statistical tests used should be described in each figure legend.

• All symbols used (arrows, circles, etc.) must be explained.

• All abbreviations used in the figure should be identified at the end of each legend.

• If previously published figures are used, written permission from the original publisher (or copyright holder, if not the publisher) is required.

• If the figure has been previously published, cite the figure source in the legend.

In-text Citations

• Cite figures with the format: Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, etc.

• Cite figures in ascending numeric order upon first appearance in the manuscript file. In the published article, figures are inserted according to the placement of their first citation and caption in the article.

• Lettered subparts of whole figures may be cited in any order in the text if the first mention of each whole figure is in numerical order. For example, you can cite any subpart of Fig. 3 in any order (e.g., Fig. 3C before Fig. 3A), as long as Figs. 1 and 2 have already been cited.

• If an appendix appears in your article and it contains one or more figures, continue the consecutive numbering of the main text. Appendix materials should be cited as "Appendix Fig. 1, Appendix Table 1, etc." Do not number the appendix figures, "A1, A2, A3, etc."

• Supplementary materials should be cited as "Supplementary Fig. 1, Supplementary Table 1, etc."

If you have any questions or are experiencing a problem with figures, please contact: help@aeurologia.com

4.15 Label Styles, Units and Symbols

Labels must be prepared according to our in‐house style, be phrased in accordance to the manuscript, and free of spelling and other language errors.

*: Correspondence.

†: These authors contributed equally.

§: The author's own special request.

The SI system of units is preferred. For detailed advice please refer to the guidelines in Baron, DN (1988). Units, symbols and abbreviations, 4th edn. (Obtainable from The Royal Society of Medicine, 1 Wimpole Street, London W1M 8AE, UK).

Note:

• Always use a leading zero (0) before decimal points: 0.5 NOT .5.

• Decimal points must use a full stop/period (.) NOT a comma (,).

• A space must be inserted before measurement units: 132 bp NOT 132bp, 5 mm NOT 5mm, 1 h NOT 1h.

4.16 Original Images for Blots and Gels Requirements

In order to ensure the integrity and scientific validity of blotting techniques (including, but not limited to, western blots) and gel data reporting, original, uncropped, and unadjusted images should be uploaded as Supporting Information files at time of initial manuscript submission.

A single PDF file or a zip folder containing all the original images reported in the main figure and supplemental figures is suggested. Authors should annotate each original image, corresponding to the figure in the main article or supplementary materials, and label each lane or loading order. All experimental samples and controls used for one comparative analysis should be run on the same blot/gel image. Different images should not be spliced together to illustrate the results.

5. Format of Manuscript

5.1 General Formatting Guidelines

• Format, revise, and correct the manuscript and save it as a MS Word document (not as a text or any other type of file). It is important that manuscripts should be written in clear, concise English and should be submitted free of grammar, spelling or scientific errors. Subsequent to submission of the manuscript, please do not send any other revised form of the same document. Such documents will not be used.

• If you are including text, tables or figures that were previously published, please obtain the permission of the publisher. By simply calling or writing to the publisher, you can easily obtain such permissions.

• If you are referring to previously published text, figure or table, please add the following comment to text, the figure or table legend "Reproduced with permission from, (ref #)".

• All terms such as et al, in situ, in vitro, in vivo, etc. should be italicized.

• Please do not use automatic numbering in table of contents, titles, subtitles or references. The numbering used by Word is proprietary and does not allow conversion to HTML documents. Please remove automatic numbering and manually number numbered items in text.

• All supplementary materials (where applicable) should be submitted through online submission system as separated files. All supplementary figures and tables must be referred to by sequential numbers in text.

• Do not include footnotes throughout the text. All footnotes must be included at the end of the references and referred to sequentially by superscripted numbers both in text and in footnotes.

• All files must be scanned for viruses prior to submission.

• Page Layout: General.

• Times New Roman. Font size 10.5. 1.2 line spacing. Alignment Justified.

• The first line indents 2 characters of a new paragraph.

• Sub-headings and general headings should be presented in upper case letters (capitalize the initials of all substantives).

• Use either British English or American English spelling throughout your manuscript, but not both.

• Do not use page breaks in your manuscript.

• Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'.Any subsection may be given a brief heading.

• Figure Legends (do not place the reference to figure legends in table of contents).

• Tables (do not place the references to tables in table of contents).

Notes:

• Place a hard return after each paragraph.

• Please cite references throughout the text in sequential numbers and place references inside parenthesis at the end of sentences throughout the text.

5.2 Accepted File Formats

Authors must use the Microsoft Word template available on our website to prepare their manuscript. If this requirement presents a problem, please contact the Editorial Office (ArchEspUrol@aeurologia.com). Accepted file formats are:

• Microsoft Word: Manuscripts must be converted into a single file before submission. When preparing manuscripts in Microsoft Word, the Archivos Españoles de Urología Microsoft Word template file must be used.

• LaTeX: Manuscripts prepared in LaTeX must be collated into one ZIP folder (including all source files and images, so that the Editorial Office can recompile the submitted PDF).

• Figures: Please save and submit figures as jpg. or tif. files (see below Link to 4.14 Figures for further details).

• Supplementary Materials: These materials may be in any format, but it is recommended that authors use common, non-proprietary formats where possible (see below Link to 11. Special Issues & Supplements Policy for further details).

6. Copyright/Open Access

Manuscripts which submitted from 1 May 2022 and accepted after peer review will be published in AEU with open access under the CC BY 4.0 license. The copyright is retained by the author(s).

Archivos Españoles de Urología will insert the following note in the footer of the first page of the published text:

© Year The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Read the full Open Access information here.

7. Funded by the National Institute of Health (NIH)

National Institute of Health (NIH) requires all manuscripts accepted for publication on or after April 7, 2008 which report research, that is funded in whole or in part by the NIH, to be submitted into PubMed Central (PMC). If you are funded by NIH, we are happy to assist you in depositing the author's published version of your article in the repository PubMed Central.

8. Editorial Process and Peer-Review

Archivos Españoles de Urología adopts double-blind peer review. Once a manuscript passes the initial checks, it will be assigned to at least two independent experts for peer-review. Archivos Españoles de Urología Journal editors will check to make sure there are no conflicts of interest before contacting reviewers, and will not consider those with competing interests. Reviewers are asked to declare any conflicts of interest before reviewing any submitted manuscript. More information, please see Editorial Process.

9. English Editing and Reformatting on Submitted Articles

Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. We recommend authors use English editing service prior to publication or during revisions. If you have used English editing service, please provide a copy certificate to the Editorial Office.

10. Discounts for Authors

For authors from Low and Middle income countries, discounts may be granted on a case-by-case basis. For more information on Discounts see the following page.

11. Special Issues & Supplements Policy

We publish Special Issues/Supplements in accordance with Supplements, Theme Issues, and Special Series by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and Conflict of Interest Disclosure and Journal Supplements in MEDLINE by the NLM guidance. More details.

12. Refund Policy

Article Processing Charges are required after a manuscript has been accepted for publication. The journal will not issue refunds of any kind after the acceptance of the manuscript.

Updated on 10 October 2022