Dear Colleagues,

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent malignancy in men. The tumors range in aggressiveness from benign tumors that can be safely monitored to aggressive tumors that are only suitable for palliative care. With modern imaging techniques, precise stratification, particularly the tumors of intermediate-risk patients that are clinically the most heterogeneous, creates a better framework for their care.

Targeted biopsy improves the diagnosis of clinically significant PCa, as routine transrectal ultrasound is not always reliable. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help identify indications for prostate biopsy and is the basis for local staging. MRI-targeted prostate biopsies can be performed in-bore or with MRI/ultrasound fusion-targeted methods. When MRI is unavailable, less expensive contemporary ultrasound-based modalities can also provide high-quality imaging, further aiding in performing a highly reliable prostate biopsy. This ushers in a new era as purely random or even saturated biopsies rarely performed. In addition, optimized diagnosis may facilitate different treatment strategies like active surveillance, focal therapy, radical prostatectomy, and radiotherapy. This Special Issue of the Archivos Espa?oles de Urología aims to provide new insights into prostate imaging and biopsy, focusing on advances in diagnostics and treatment planning.

Theodoros Tokas
Guest Editor

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