Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignant tumour in males, with radical prostatectomy (RP) being the typical treatment. The concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and Roy’s adaptation model (RAM) have been proved effective and reliable nursing methods in clinical practice. However, the combined effect of these two methods on patients undergoing RP remains unclear. This study aims to analyse the application effect of ERAS combined with RAM in the perioperative period of patients receiving RP.

Methods: A total of 286 patients with PCa who underwent RP from March 2020 to May 2023 were selected in this retrospective analysis. After excluding five patients, 281 were finally included. According to the administered management methods, the patients were divided into a routine (n = 92), ERAS (n = 93), and ERAS + RAM group (n = 96). The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) score, Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) score, recovery conditions, and the incidences of postoperative complications were compared between the three groups using the chi-square and Kruskal–Wallis tests.

Results: Compared with the routine and ERAS groups, the ERAS + RAM group had significantly higher CD-RISC scores 1 day before surgery and 1 day before discharge and elevated QLQ-C30 scores 3 months after discharge, along with the shortest postoperative recovery time (all p < 0.001). Complication incidences in the ERAS + RAM and ERAS groups were lower than those in the routine group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The ERAS concept combined with RAM can significantly improve perioperative mental health, promote postoperative recovery, and enhance the quality of life in patients with PCa undergoing RP. Therefore, this combined programme offers certain benefits in the perioperative period of RP, emphasising the value of its clinical promotion.